Complexity is a topic that causes headaches to all involved. Teams suffer it daily, managers must take decisions to overcome it, stakeholders tend to look it on a different way than engineering and operators. The main problem is the dimensionality and different perspectives that each group has.
Getting on the same page is also hard as similar projects might have different perception just by having different people involved or being in a different culture. What might be simple in a contex might be complex and difficult on another one.
To be able to assess how complex a project might be and to have a common ground with all other stakeholders a qualitative and a quantitative approach are needed.
The qualitative might be graphic in nature, pictures are very useful visualize where the complexity is coming from. Normally we tend to focus on component diagrams as the following ones which represent the same system with increasing levels of detail. But you can keep on going on details and the message will get lost on non technical people.
On the other hand, building a matrix mapping all sources of complexity is a hard task and might not be a single exercise for the duration of a project but a continuous effort. Also the significant attributes that do make to the final representation will vary depending on the situation of the project. At first it might be technology unknowns, and later they might be compliance requirements.
In the end both views are important and effort must be put to have them represent the same context. If they do not match it might mean that something is missing and chances are that it is something important. Treat this as two different perspectives so you do not end up as the blind men describing an elephant as something completely different.
This activity should be always in the mind of the senior members of the team.